

{"id":19023,"date":"2021-01-21T09:35:33","date_gmt":"2021-01-21T09:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=19023"},"modified":"2021-01-21T12:24:14","modified_gmt":"2021-01-21T12:24:14","slug":"o-lopata-peste-limba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=19023","title":{"rendered":"O lopat\u0103 peste limb\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n\n<p>Am citit ieri <a href=\"https:\/\/republica.ro\/pastila-de-limba-romana-insala-si-asaza\">o pastil\u0103 <\/a>de limb\u0103 pe republica, care se face c\u0103 lamure\u0219te problematica declin\u0103rii  a dou\u0103 cuvinte \u00eentr-un mod\u0219tin\u021bific \u0219i nu las\u0103 dubii de interpretare, scris\u0103 de o doamn\u0103 doctor lingvist. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0218i totu\u0219i am un ochi \u00eempotriva formelor descrise ca fiind corecte \u0219i am l\u0103sat s\u0103 se <em>a\u0219eze<\/em> un pic forma de protest \u00een mintea mea \u0219i mi-am f\u0103cut vreo dou\u0103 verific\u0103ri interne s\u0103 verific dac\u0103 nu cumva m\u0103 <em>\u00een\u0219el<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eu folosesc cuvintele <strong>\u0219i<\/strong> \u00een forma lor gre\u0219it\u0103, conform regulilor curente, care erau \u00een vigoare destul de demult, am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat \u0219i discutat despre forma corect\u0103 prin liceu cred, de\u0219i e foarte posibil s\u0103 fi discutat-o \u0219i \u00een \u0219coala general\u0103; am avut o profesoar\u0103 de limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, cam pe modelul comunist, dar preocupat\u0103 s\u0103 nu ie\u0219im pe c\u00e2t posibil agrama\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N-am sc\u0103pat total de microbul \u0103sta, dar forma corect\u0103 \u0219i explica\u021bia legat\u0103 de alternan\u021bele vocalice \u0219i consonantice o re\u021bin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At\u00e2ta c\u0103 s\u0103 cuno\u0219ti legile nu te face un om corect, te face doar avocat. S\u0103 le respec\u021bi e altceva. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, explica\u021bia doamnei doctor e fix cum nu vrea s\u0103 fie \u201dplictisitoare, cu multe informa\u021bii teoretice, dar f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 pun\u0103 punctul pe diftongul  \u201d<strong>ea<\/strong>\u201d.  Cel pu\u021bin pentru mine nu e clar de ce  e corect <strong>a\u0219az\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>\u00een\u0219al\u0103<\/strong> dac\u0103 a\u0219 citi doar textul \u0103la. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 fii doctor \u0219i s\u0103 nu  po\u021bi s\u0103 explici un lucru concret \u0219i c\u00e2t de c\u00e2t simplu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Organiza\u021bia PRIVAT\u0102 care se ocup\u0103 cu p\u0103strarea \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea limbii rom\u00e2ne, dexonline, c\u0103 Academia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 are pesemne o componen\u021b\u0103 integral postum\u0103, spune mai clar care-i treaba cu astea.<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dexonline.ro\/articol\/2._Reguli_de_scriere_%C8%99i_de_pronun%C8%9Bare_literar%C4%83\"> Aici. <\/a><\/strong>  Citez : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Reguli de scriere \u0219i de pronun\u021bare literar\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.1.2. Dup\u0103&nbsp;<em>\u0219<\/em>&nbsp;\u0219i&nbsp;<em>j<\/em>:&nbsp;<em>a<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>e<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>i<\/em>&nbsp;sau&nbsp;<em>ea<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u00e2<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103&nbsp;<em><strong>\u0219<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;\u0219i&nbsp;<em><strong>j<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;se scrie \u0219i se pronun\u021b\u0103&nbsp;<em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>i<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;sau, respectiv,&nbsp;<em><strong>ea<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>\u00e2<\/strong><\/em>, \u00een func\u021bie de&nbsp;<strong>structura morfologic\u0103<\/strong>&nbsp;a cuv\u00e2ntului, \u0219i anume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. \u00een&nbsp;<strong>r\u0103d\u0103cina<\/strong>&nbsp;cuv\u00e2ntului se scrie \u0219i se pronun\u021b\u0103 numai&nbsp;<em><strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>e<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>i<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(\u0219i nu&nbsp;<em><strong>ea<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>\u00e2<\/strong><\/em>):&nbsp;<em>a\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>z\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>de\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>rt\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u00een\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>l\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>mu\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>ma<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>de<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>pc\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>se<\/em>;&nbsp;<em>j<strong>a<\/strong>le<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>j<strong>a<\/strong>r<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>t\u00e2nj<strong>a<\/strong>l\u0103<\/em>&nbsp;(\u201epro\u021bap\u201d, folosit mai ales \u00een expresia&nbsp;<em>a se l\u0103sa pe t\u00e2njal\u0103<\/em>);&nbsp;<em>a\u0219<strong>e<\/strong>za<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u00een\u0219<strong>e<\/strong>la<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0219<strong>e<\/strong>rpoaic\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0219<strong>e<\/strong>s<\/em>;&nbsp;<em>j<strong>e<\/strong>cm\u0103ni<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>j<strong>e<\/strong>li<\/em>;&nbsp;<em>ma\u0219<strong>i<\/strong>n\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u0219<strong>i<\/strong>r<\/em>;&nbsp;<em>j<strong>i<\/strong>l\u021b<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>j<strong>i<\/strong>r<\/em>;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.  \u00een&nbsp;<strong>desinen\u021be<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>articol<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0219i&nbsp;<strong>sufixe<\/strong>&nbsp;se scriu \u0219i se pronun\u021b\u0103 vocale din una din cele dou\u0103 serii, \u00een func\u021bie de&nbsp;<strong>clasa morfologic\u0103<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0219i respect\u00e2ndu-se&nbsp;<strong>identitatea<\/strong>&nbsp;vocalei desinen\u021belor, articolului sau sufixelor dup\u0103 celelalte consoane, \u0219i anume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>substantivele<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0219i&nbsp;<strong>adjectivele feminine<\/strong>&nbsp;cu tema terminat\u0103 \u00een&nbsp;<em><strong>\u0219<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>j<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;se scriu \u0219i se pronun\u021b\u0103 cu:<ul><li><em><strong>-\u0103<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(ca \u0219i \u00een&nbsp;<em>mam\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>bun\u0103<\/em>) la nominativ-acuzativ (<em>frunta\u0219<strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>gure\u0219<strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tovar\u0103\u0219<strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>;&nbsp;<em>plaj<strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tij<strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>) \u0219i la vocativ singular nearticulat (<em>tovar\u0103\u0219<strong>\u0103<\/strong><\/em>, opus masculinului&nbsp;<em>tovar\u0103\u0219e<\/em>);<\/li><li><em><strong>-a<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(ca \u0219i \u00een&nbsp;<em>mama<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>buna<\/em>) la nominativ-acuzativ singular articulat:&nbsp;<em>frunta\u0219<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>gure\u0219<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tovar\u0103\u0219<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>;&nbsp;<em>plaj<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tij<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>;<\/li><li><em><strong>-e<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(ca \u0219i \u00een&nbsp;<em>mame<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>bune<\/em>) la genitiv-dativ singular nearticulat \u0219i la plural:&nbsp;<em>frunta\u0219<strong>e<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>gure\u0219<strong>e<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tovar\u0103\u0219<strong>e<\/strong><\/em>;&nbsp;<em>plaj<strong>e<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tij<strong>e<\/strong><\/em>;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>verbele de conjugarea I<\/strong>&nbsp;cu tema terminat\u0103 \u00een&nbsp;<em><strong>\u0219<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em><strong>j<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;se scriu \u0219i se pronun\u021b\u0103 cu:<ul><li><em><strong>-a<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(ca \u0219i \u00een&nbsp;<em>lucra<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>lucram<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>lucrat<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>lucrare<\/em>) la&nbsp;<strong>infinitiv<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0219i \u00een formele \u0219i cuvintele provenite de la acesta (imperfect, participiu, imperativ negativ persoana a II-a singular, infinitiv lung substantivat):&nbsp;<em>\u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>m<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>t<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>\u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>re<\/em>;&nbsp;<em>angaj<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>,&nbsp;<em>angaj<strong>a<\/strong>m<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>angaj<strong>a<\/strong>t<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>angaj<strong>a<\/strong>re<\/em>;<\/li><li><em><strong>-eaz\u0103<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(ca \u0219i \u00een&nbsp;<em>lucreaz\u0103<\/em>) la&nbsp;<strong>indicativ prezent persoana a III-a<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>\u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219<strong>ea<\/strong>z\u0103<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>angaj<strong>ea<\/strong>z\u0103<\/em>;De aceea,&nbsp;<em>\u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219<strong>ea<\/strong>z\u0103<\/em>&nbsp;\u0219i&nbsp;<em>a\u0219<strong>a<\/strong>z\u0103<\/em>&nbsp;se scriu diferit.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cencheiat citatul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O explica\u021bie mai bun\u0103 cu privire la alternan\u021bele fonetice o g\u0103si\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/diacritica.wordpress.com\/2010\/05\/02\/alternante-fonetice-alternante-vocalice\/\">AICI<\/a>, n-o mai redau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asta de mai sus e \u201dlegea\u201d, adic\u0103 setul de reguli, iar mai aci, \u00een link , este baza fonetic\u0103 pentru regulile \u0103lea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acuma. Setul de reguli e scris de oameni. \u00cen general regulile pleac\u0103 de la fonetic\u0103 , lexic, \u00een fine, limba sufer\u0103, sau beneficiaz\u0103 de evolu\u021bii \u0219i influen\u021be de-a lungul timpului \u0219i pronun\u021bia, care determin\u0103 mai pe urm\u0103 \u0219i scrierea ( literar\u0103 sau nu)  se modific\u0103 \u00een timp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De exemplu,  la 1800 toamna,  Eminescu folosea \u201dvrun\u201d pentru \u201dvreun\u201d, \u201dcastit\u0103\u021bei\u201d \u00een loc de contemporanul \u201dcastit\u0103\u021bii\u201d,  de\u0219i folosea \u201dpropriet\u0103\u021bii\u201d \u0219i \u201dmoralit\u0103\u021bii\u201d. Era \u00een perioada aia c\u00e2nd se trecea de la sufixarea  substantivelor \u00een cazul dativ ( cred c\u0103 \u0219i genitiv) \u00een \u201dei\u201d \u00een \u201di\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alt exemplu care-\u021bi fute limba-n gur\u0103 : ,,nouei direc\u0163iuni din Ia\u015fi&#8221;, azi \u201dnoii direc\u021biuni\u201d, sau \u201est\u0103rei  igenice \u015fi materiale a cultivatorilor&#8221; \u00een loc de \u201dst\u0103rii\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0103rerea mea de om nelingvist, nedoctor \u0219i oarecum agramat pe tema asta e c\u0103 folosirea cuvintelor \u00een forma a\u0219eaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u0219al\u0103 poate pleca, de drept, de la necunoa\u0219terea regulilor destul de complicate de declinare pe baza conceptului de alternan\u021b\u0103 fonetic\u0103, dar pe de alt\u0103 parte e o pronun\u021bie care a evoluat mimetic \u0219i pe baz\u0103 de corela\u021bie a cuvintelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scrierea literar\u0103 o fi fiind corect\u0103 \u00een forma ( este, conform regulilor, nu-i dubiu) <strong>a\u0219az\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u0219al\u0103 <\/strong> ( Regula 2\/2.1.2\/1), dar pronun\u021bia colectiv\u0103 are (cel pu\u021bin din ce aud eu \u0219i am auzul c\u00e2t de c\u00e2t OK) diftongul \u201dea\u201d, inclusiv din partea celor care scriu corect.  Sunt c\u00e2\u021biva gr\u0103m\u0103tici \u00een\u021bepa\u021bi care pronun\u021b\u0103 foarte clar a\u0219az\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u0219al\u0103 ca s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi fie foarte clar c\u0103 ei \u0218TIU \u0219i propov\u0103duiesc forma corect\u0103. \u0218i sun\u0103 at\u00e2t de ur\u00e2t \u0219i nepotrivit pentru forma la care m\u0103 a\u0219tept de la limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 curent\u0103; cel pu\u021bin pentru mine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 \u0219tiu regula, din creier c\u0103tre m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eemi pleac\u0103 formele cu \u201dea\u201d, de aia dac\u0103 cau\u021bi prin textele de pe site-ul \u0103sta o s\u0103 g\u0103se\u0219ti ambele forme. Ar trebui s\u0103 m\u0103 decid la una  \u0219i s\u0103 dau cu sql-ul \u00een gura celeilalte, dar n-am s-o fac, am s-o las a\u0219a.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u0219a cum \u0219i cred c\u0103 limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 devin\u0103 un pic tolerant\u0103  pe tema asta.  Dar n-are cine, c\u0103 \u0103ia la academie, am zis, sunt to\u021bi mor\u021bi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Am citit ieri o pastil\u0103 de limb\u0103 pe republica, care se face c\u0103 lamure\u0219te problematica declin\u0103rii a dou\u0103 cuvinte \u00eentr-un mod\u0219tin\u021bific \u0219i nu las\u0103 dubii&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[621],"tags":[4253,4252,4251],"class_list":["post-19023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articole","tag-fonetica-diftongilor","tag-forma-corecta","tag-limba-noastra-i-o-comoara"],"views":1382,"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/lopata-n-bot.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4Eq23-4WP","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19023"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19048,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19023\/revisions\/19048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}