{"id":21649,"date":"2022-03-29T05:57:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T04:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=21649"},"modified":"2022-03-28T11:23:32","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T10:23:32","slug":"modelul-de-salvat-planeta-cu-impaduriri-are-o-problema","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=21649","title":{"rendered":"Modelul de salvat planeta cu \u00eemp\u0103duriri are o problem\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n\n

Experiment de g\u00e2ndire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mai \u00eenainte de toate vreau s\u0103 zic c\u0103 cred c\u0103 to\u021bi AVEM nevoie de mai mult\u0103 p\u0103dure. Dec\u00e2t avem acum. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103d tot felul de campanii de \u00eemp\u0103duriri, de interzis t\u0103iatul p\u0103durilor, iar \u00een punctul \u0103sta e OK, pentru c\u0103 suprafa\u021ba mondial\u0103 de p\u0103dure, SCADE, nu cre\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u0103s\u00e2nd asta la o parte, mai citesc prin campanii \u0219i lumea viseaz\u0103 o planet\u0103 acoperit\u0103 de p\u0103duri, c\u0103 p\u0103durile capteaz\u0103 CO2, deci a\u0219a se opre\u0219te \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 la scar\u0103 planetar\u0103. Doar c\u0103 nu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E o mica problem\u0103 de principiu, una de albedo. Albedo este rata de reflec\u021bie a energiei primite de Pamant \u00eenapoi \u00een spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Momentan , se apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 rata asta este pe la 0.31 . 0 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 P\u0103m\u00e2ntul ar absorbi toat\u0103 energia. 1 ar \u00eensemna c\u0103 o reflect\u0103 pe toat\u0103. Ca o compara\u021bie, Venus e apreciat c\u0103 are un albedo de 0.88, deci reflect\u0103 mult mai mult\u0103 energie dec\u00e2t P\u0103m\u00e2ntul , procentual vorbind ( \u0219i \u00een cifre absolute, c\u0103 e mai aproape de Soare \u0219i are o suprafa\u021b\u0103 comparabil\u0103 cu a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului) . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 cum se vede, la rata asta de albedo, temperatura de echilibru ( e o medie) pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt e la 16.5 grade. Ea este influen\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i de efectul de ser\u0103. Adic\u0103 mai multe gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103, ajut\u0103 la re\u021binerea \/ captarea energiei primite de la Soare. E o diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre albedo geometric ( care m\u0103soar\u0103 str\u0103lucirea ( reflec\u021bia) corpului atunci c\u00e2nd iluminarea e perpendicular\u0103 direct din spatele observatorului) \u0219i albedo-ul compus, care m\u0103soar\u0103 energiea emis\u0103 de corp sub orice form\u0103 de radia\u021bii e-m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iar la capitolul \u0103sta P\u0103m\u00e2ntul st\u0103 prost c\u0103 are un albedo compus mai mic dec\u00e2t cel geometric ( s\u0103-i spunem albedo maxim poten\u021bial), adic\u0103, P\u0103m\u00e2ntul acumuleaz\u0103 energie – efectul de ser\u0103. Venus spre exemplu are un albedo compus mai mare dec\u00e2t cel nativ geometric, pentru c\u0103 atmosfera lui e foarte reflectiv\u0103 dar \u0219i pentru c\u0103 disip\u0103 energie din spatele discului vizibil, acumulat\u0103 peste zi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acestea fiind spuse, ave\u021bi pe wiki<\/a> indicii de albedo entru diferite materiale de pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cel mai mare albedo \u00eel au, desigur z\u0103pada \u0219i ghea\u021ba , de aceea topirea calotelor glaciare reprezint\u0103 o problem\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103. G\u00e2nde\u0219te-te c\u0103 e\u0219ti vara la bloc, n-ai aer condi\u021bionat \u0219i ai un balcon \u00eenchis cu termopane, te cam fute soarele. Pui ni\u0219te staniol \u0219i e brusc mai bine. Eh, acuma problema e c\u0103 ni se tope\u0219te staniolul. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen 2021 , Bill Gates, de fapt o companie finan\u021bat\u0103 de el, \u00eempingea o idee ( e mai demult de fapt) de cre\u0219tere a albedo-ului<\/a> prin spray-area de Carbonat de Calciu \u00een nori. Ideea a fost respins\u0103 pe motiv c\u0103 nu putem calcula efectele polu\u0103rii cu CaCO3. De fapt acest compus e aproape inofensiv, \u00een concentra\u021bii rezonabile , dar pentru c\u0103 nu \u0219tim exact ce \u0219i cum, cred c\u0103 nu s-a aprobat a\u0219a ceva \u0219i o s\u0103 fie tabu, o vreme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar ideea nu e rea. De fapt, e mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t ideile de genul hai s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103durim Sahara. P\u0103durile de conifere au albedo de 0.08 – 0.15. Comparativ cu asfaltul uzat. P\u0103durile de foioase au albedo de 0.15 – 0.18. Nisipul are un albedo de 0.4, de dou\u0103 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t al oric\u0103ri p\u0103duri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prin urmare, Sahara are o suprafata de circa 1.7% relativ la suprafa\u021ba P\u0103m\u00e2ntului care include oceanele, circa 6% din suprafata uscatului. Daca umplem Sahara cu p\u0103duri, reducem la o treime albedo-ul pe 1.7% din suprafa\u021ba P\u0103m\u00e2ntului. \u00censeamn\u0103 c\u0103 albedoul global scade cu aproape 0.5%. e inseamn\u0103 asta, sintetic?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simularea cu Universe Sandbox arat\u0103 c\u0103 temperatura de echilibru urc\u0103 cu vreo 0,7 grade. Mai mult\u0103 p\u0103dure, mai pu\u021bin albedo. Dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 nu g\u0103sim ni\u0219te copaci cu frunze de staniol. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nu v\u0103 apuca\u021bi s\u0103 t\u0103ia\u021bi copacii. Solul negru are albedo mai mic dec\u00e2t cel de\u0219ertic, cam la fel ca al p\u0103durii \u0219i nu capteaz\u0103 nimic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problema cea mai mare a albedo-ului este de fapt \u00een oceane. Oceanele ad\u00e2nci au un albedo teribil de mic (0.06) \u0219i de aici apar probelemele. Deci problema e a oceanelor care se dezghea\u021b\u0103. Iar \u00eemp\u0103durirea nu o s\u0103 o rezolve, asta spuneam , nu c\u0103 nu e bine s\u0103 avem p\u0103duri. Ci c\u0103 avem nevoie de alt\u0103 solu\u021bie, care probbail se reduce tot la mai pu\u021bine emisii de gaze de ser\u0103 \u0219i , c\u00e2nd asta nu va mai fi de ajuns, m\u0103 a\u0219tep s\u0103 vedem \u0219i alte chestii mai futuriste, cum ar fi cre\u0219terea albedo-ului urban -> zg\u00e2rienori oglind\u0103, popularea oceanelor cu algee de albedo crescut, z\u0103pad\u0103 artificial\u0103, men\u021binerea unei suprafe\u021be crescute de nori deasupra oceanelor \u0219i uscatului, \u0103sta este de fapt un mecanism de autoreglare planetar, c\u00e2nd temperatura cre\u0219te mai mult\u0103 ap\u0103 din oceane se evapor\u0103, iar norii au un albedo mai mare fa\u021b\u0103 de oceanele ad\u00e2nci ( \u00een medie 0.5) . Tot e mai mic dec\u00e2t ghea\u021ba oceanic\u0103 \u0219i z\u0103pada, dar merge. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Experiment de g\u00e2ndire. Mai \u00eenainte de toate vreau s\u0103 zic c\u0103 cred c\u0103 to\u021bi AVEM nevoie de mai mult\u0103 p\u0103dure. Dec\u00e2t avem acum. V\u0103d tot…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-trash"],"views":1043,"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/padure-de-palmieri-cairo1175768066827730517.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4Eq23-5Db","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21649"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21668,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21649\/revisions\/21668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}