{"id":22304,"date":"2022-07-26T07:45:25","date_gmt":"2022-07-26T06:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=22304"},"modified":"2022-07-26T10:26:11","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T09:26:11","slug":"cu-paduri-si-management-forestier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=22304","title":{"rendered":"Cu p\u0103duri \u0219i management forestier"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0103durile sunt mi\u0219to, c\u0103 p\u0103streaz\u0103 temperatura mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd e canicul\u0103, mai p\u0103streaz\u0103 ceva umiditate in sol, ajut\u0103 \u00een anumite cazuri la formarea precipita\u021biilor, ne dau lemn s\u0103 facem case in Minecraft, ce s\u0103 mai,  e bine s\u0103 avem p\u0103duri . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd iau foc \u0219i dup\u0103 aia ard cu tot cu campurile \u0219i satele \u0219i ora\u0219ele \u00eenconjuratoare c\u0103 p\u0103durea reprezint\u0103 \u0219i un material foarte combustibil, cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t cantitatea de ap\u0103 din lemn \u0219i din solul din jur scade periculos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astfel c\u0103 \u00een perioadele canicular\u0103 \u0219i de secet\u0103 p\u0103durile sunt un risc, nu trebuie s\u0103 spun eu asta c\u0103 vede\u021bi la televizor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu, nu preg\u0103tesc terenul pentru a spune c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 t\u0103iem p\u0103durile c\u0103 nu sunt pl\u0103tit de austriecii \u0103ia sau de partidul UDMR. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ci c\u0103 riscul are nevoie de management.  In Rom\u00e2nia nu o s\u0103 vede\u021bi multe incendii de p\u0103dure, dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 ia foc de la faptul c\u0103 dau \u021b\u0103ranii foc la miri\u0219ti \u0219i se \u00eentinde. Aia se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla. Motivul e legat \u0219i de faptul c\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia mai u\u0219or cu p\u0103durile, dar \u0219i c\u0103 se face totu\u0219i cur\u0103\u021barea de iarn\u0103 , un pic in exces , adic\u0103 s\u0103 nu cumva s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 vreun pic de usc\u0103ciune pe picior, mai bine mai t\u0103iem \u0219i vreo 2-3 copaci verzi de pe l\u00e2ng\u0103, dar se face. C\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te cu lemne printre altele . Iar asta nu e musai a\u0219a de r\u0103u, stai s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi explic. Sigur, poluare \u0219i CO2, nu e OK s\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219ti un ora\u0219  mediu sau mare cu lemne, c\u0103 te sufoci \u0219i te umpli de particule PM2.5 \u0219i PM1 , care dau boli de pl\u0103m\u00e2ni precum cancerul.  Dar localit\u0103\u021bi mai mici da. A\u0219 merge p\u00e2n\u0103 la ideea de a sus\u021bine c\u0103 po\u021bi s\u0103 ai \u00eentr-un ora\u0219 un CET de cartier pe lemne. Ceva cu ardere eficient\u0103 \u0219i filtre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dincolo de asta, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi ard\u0103 sute de mii de hectare de p\u0103dure ca in Fran\u021ba sau Spania \u0219i vara, c\u00e2nd nu ajut\u0103 la nimic , mai bine te \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219ti cu ele iarna . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu, nu a\u0219a \u00een hal f\u0103r\u0103 de hal cum arde acum . \u00cens\u0103 vreau sa prezint niste aspecte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In \u021b\u0103rile unde lumea nu se mai \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te cu lemne iar lemnul de foc nu prea mai e o chestie ( mai ai de un gr\u0103tar, de un \u0219emineu, dar nimic notabil ) ai niste lemne in exces prin p\u0103dure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De pild\u0103 astea de prin Reading. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0102\u0219tia de pe aici nu fac dou\u0103 lucruri.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 – Nu am vazut s\u0103 cure\u021be p\u0103durea de uscaturi, a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 cad\u0103 arborii. Uneori cad de la furtuni, viituri.  \u0218i mai d\u0103r\u00e2m\u0103 \u0219i al\u021bi arbori cu ei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 – Arborii c\u0103zu\u021bi, uneori \u00eei mai taie, \u00eei stivuiesc s\u0103 nu \u00eencurce trecerilor, dar nu am v\u0103zut s\u0103 \u00eei ia din p\u0103dure. Am v\u0103zut arbori putrezi\u021bi de 3 ani de c\u00e2nd tot trec pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Treaba asta are o logic\u0103, nu o fac musai de lene\u0219i sau de pro\u0219ti. Logica e una ce tine de biotop \u0219i ecosistem. Un arbore c\u0103zut reprezint\u0103 cas\u0103 \u0219i sursa de hran\u0103 pentru diferite organisme care \u00eengra\u0219\u0103 solul \u0219i \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc lan\u021burile trofice. Nimic de condamnat, ba chiar de aplaudat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At\u00e2ta c\u0103 arborii c\u0103zu\u021bi \u0219i vegeta\u021bia ierboas\u0103 uscat\u0103 reprezint\u0103 un factor agravant de risc pentru incendii de vegeta\u021bie \u00een condi\u021bii de seceta prelungit\u0103 \u0219i\/sau canicul\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biodiversitatea este important\u0103, dar nu \u0219tiu dac\u0103 e mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t 350,000 de hectare de p\u0103dure rase \u00eentr-un an cu ecosistemele serios avariate , sau distruse, cu 14,000 de oameni str\u0103muta\u021bi, cu emisiile de carbon aferente – c\u0103 sunt circa 300mc de lemn pe ha de p\u0103dure. Care c\u00e2nt\u0103resc la 240 de tone. Care elibereaz\u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103 prin ardere de ordinul a 300 tone ( intr\u0103 \u0219i oxigen in reac\u021bie – 1.65 la 1.85 kg CO2 \/kg lemn la ardere complet\u0103 ) de CO2. Pe hectar. Ca un factor comparativ, eu \u0219i familia mea, 5 persoane, folosind dou\u0103 ma\u0219ini diesel ( una in Rom\u00e2nia alta \u00een UK ) desc\u0103rc\u0103m in atmosfer\u0103 circa 11 tone de CO2 pe an. \u0218tiu c\u0103 nu e regenerabil, asta p\u00e2n\u0103 nu bag ulei de floarea soarelui in rezervor, dar alta e ideea. \u00cenmul\u021bi\u021bi 350k cu 300\/11 \u0219i o s\u0103 ias\u0103 la 9 milioane \u0219i ceva de familii<\/strong> care merg cu ma\u0219inile lor diesel circa 25,000 km de familie. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 o \u021bar\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t Rom\u00e2nia .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 amprenta de carbon e important\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat cred c\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103surile pentru a 1) preveni incendiile masive de vegeta\u021bie ar trebui s\u0103 fie o prioritate 2) inclocuirea unor surse de combustibil cu combustibil lemnos care altfel e susceptibil s\u0103 contribuie la incendii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una din m\u0103suri e una sanitar\u0103, de igienizare a p\u0103durilor . <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alta ar putea fi stabilirea unor rezervoare naturale de ap\u0103 pe perimetrul p\u0103durilor. Trebuie c\u0103 \u00een orice petic de p\u0103dure exist\u0103 un firicel de ap\u0103, un p\u00e2r\u00e2ia\u0219, chit c\u0103 nepermanent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In principiu exist\u0103 surse de apa care pot fi colectate \u00een bazine pentru a putea fi folosite \u0219i eliberate la nevoie, ca bariere \u00een calea focului sau folosite de pompieri la stins, c\u0103 e mai u\u0219or s\u0103 intervii cu o motopomp\u0103 de pe loc, dec\u00e2t sa alimentezi ma\u0219ini de la distan\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In UK, \u021bar\u0103 plin\u0103 de r\u00e2uri, p\u00e2r\u00e2uri \u0219i ochiuri de ap\u0103 incendiile de vegeta\u021bie sunt \u00eenc\u0103 timide . Au avut \u0219i \u0103\u0219tia azi , 19 iulie c\u00e2teva sub\u021birele<\/a>. Majoritatea cauzate din prostie, destul de probabil, cam ca in Rom\u00e2nia, dec\u00e2t o \u021big\u0103ric\u0103, un gr\u0103t\u0103rel, chestii de canicul\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar \u00een contextul \u0103sta, mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu, modul lor de a organiza p\u0103durile o s\u0103 le produc\u0103 \u0219i lor probleme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O chestie interesant\u0103 am observat-o in Suedia , care e \u00eemp\u0103durit\u0103 in propor\u021bie de circa 2\/3, \u00eens\u0103 folose\u0219te p\u0103durile in scop industrial. Cultiva \u0219i recolteaz\u0103 . Ceea ce \u00eenseam\u0103n\u0103 c\u0103 un num\u0103r mic de copaci putrezesc. Dac\u0103 mergi prin p\u0103durile lor vezi asta. Pe de o parte au o problem\u0103 cu biodiversitatea, organiza\u021biile lor verzi tot semnalizeaz\u0103 asta \u0219i se lupta s\u0103 scad\u0103 industria lemnului \u0219i s\u0103 impun\u0103 cultivarea de specii diverse de copaci, nu doar cele ce se maturizeaz\u0103 repede – mesteac\u0103n, pin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, ei au anual incendii de p\u0103dure \u00een suprafe\u021be nu mai mari de 5000 de hectare. E drept c\u0103 beneficiaza \u0219i de o clim\u0103 mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t Spania in sensul \u0103sta, dar oricum dup\u0103 anii 1970 au implementat strategii de limitare a incendiilor de p\u0103dure, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Norvegia \u0219i Finlanda \u0219i au redus mediile anuale de p\u0103dure ars\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 0.004% din fondul forestier. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0103surile luate au fost printre cele enun\u021bate mai sus \u0219i construirea unei re\u021bele dese de drumuri de control – focurile se extind mai greu \u0219i se poate interveni mai u\u0219or la limitarea incendiului. Precum \u0219i exploatarea turbei din p\u0103duri ( p\u0103m\u00e2nt de flori, compost, turba – sun\u0103 cunoscut? ). Incendiile se produc preponderent pe terenuri turboase , fa\u021b\u0103 de cele cu sol mineral. ( vezi studiul “Climate Change and Boreal forest fires in Fennoscandia and Canada” de R Suffling – 1992.). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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P\u0103durile sunt mi\u0219to, c\u0103 p\u0103streaz\u0103 temperatura mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd e canicul\u0103, mai p\u0103streaz\u0103 ceva umiditate in sol, ajut\u0103 \u00een anumite cazuri la formarea precipita\u021biilor,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[675,614],"tags":[4931],"class_list":["post-22304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agro","category-bio","tag-tratamentul-incendiilor-de-padure"],"views":1321,"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/P_20220717_163528-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4Eq23-5NK","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22304"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22397,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22304\/revisions\/22397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}