

{"id":24377,"date":"2023-04-12T06:05:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T05:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=24377"},"modified":"2023-04-10T16:12:25","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T15:12:25","slug":"paradigma-fizicii-cuantice-din-topor-pentru-popor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?p=24377","title":{"rendered":"Paradigma fizicii cuantice din topor, pentru popor"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenainte<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Articolul \u0103sta e necesar pentru altul \u00een viitor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u0103 cac asupra mea de un an cu o carte ( despre aia \u00een articolul \u0103la viitor) , jur c\u0103  nu m-am mai ostoit at\u00e2ta p\u00e2n\u0103 acum &#8211; ori terminam, ori muie, c\u0103 nu \u00eemi pierd vremea cu plictiseli, dar aici nu plictisela a fost problema, ci ni\u0219te lacune \u00een \u00een\u021belegere, care au dus la necesitatea citirii altor materiale \u0219i-a\u0219a mai departe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nu mi-am propus s\u0103 explic \u00eentr-un articol popular fizica cuantic\u0103 pe care oricum o \u00een\u021beleg doar limitat \u0219i nu \u0219tiu cine s\u0103 spun c\u0103 o \u00een\u021belege complet c\u0103 e formulat\u0103 incomplet \u0219i are lacune destul de mari. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi-am propus s\u0103 sintetizez doar ni\u0219te diferen\u021be elementare de paradigm\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod care s\u0103 o fac\u0103 interesant\u0103, c\u0103, dup\u0103 mintea mea, vrem nu vrem cam trebuie s\u0103 ne \u00eendept\u0103m \u00een direc\u021bia asta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Majoritatea oamenilor \u00een\u021beleg principiile fizicii clasice Newtoniene \u0219i percep spa\u021biul Euclidian.  Nu zic c\u0103 \u0219tiu toate formulele pe de rost , c\u0103 pot calculeze orbite de planete \u0219i sateli\u021bi, dar majoritatea \u00een\u021beleg acum legile dup\u0103 care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea \u0219i pozi\u021bia, chiar \u0219i cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 gravita\u021bia, fie \u0219i intuitiv, ignor\u00e2nd precizia matematic\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cei mai tineri dintre noi, de la genera\u021bia mea \u0219i mai proasp\u0103t, am tr\u0103it schimbarea de paradigma din mecanica clasic\u0103 \u00een fizica relativist\u0103. Ea s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu mai bine de un secol \u00een urm\u0103, dar pentru populime, mai t\u00e2rziu. \u00cen popor genera\u021bia mea \u0219i mai sus a prins mai mult onomatopeic fizica relativist\u0103 , adic\u0103 nu prea \u00een\u021beleg cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103, folosesc doar cli\u0219ee cu \u201dtotul e relativ\u201d, deseori pentru a-\u0219i scuza unele imprecizii, sau  gre\u0219eli pe care le fac \u0219i citate incorecte.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au o vag\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere a conceputului de \u201dvitez\u0103 limit\u0103\u201d care este viteza luminii, dar nu \u00een\u021beleg schimbarea de paradigm\u0103. Genera\u021biile mai tinere prind partea asta mai bine \u0219i e natural, c\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 metode de a comunica mai bine, avem unelte mai bune de comunicare, dar \u0219i o schimbare colectiva de paradigm\u0103 \u0219i intui\u021bie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu privire la al treilea salt \u00eentr-un nou framework ( cadru de referin\u021b\u0103) c\u0103tre lumea cuantic\u0103, la cum v\u0103d treaba, momentan, foarte pu\u021bini \u00een\u021beleg paradigma \u0219i cred c\u0103 e musai s\u0103 mergem \u00een direc\u021bia aia \u0219i \u00eencet \u00eencet s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem cum stau lucrurile &#8211; m\u0103car principiile de baz\u0103 astfel ca copiii no\u0219tri s\u0103 capete inui\u021bia necesar\u0103, c\u0103 noi n-o s-o avem ( vorbesc de popor, nu de oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care cerceteaz\u0103 fundamentele fizicii cuantice) \u00een direc\u021bia aia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Motivele pentru care avem nevoie e c\u0103 ingineria ( mai ales cea software) se mi\u0219c\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia aia \u0219i vom fi \u00eenconjura\u021bi de tehnologie care folose\u0219te paradigma asta ( m\u0103 feresc de a spune tehnologie cuantic\u0103, c\u0103 nu e vorba de asta), iar cei care tr\u0103iesc mai bine sunt, evident, \u0103ia care \u00een\u021beleg lumea \u00een care tr\u0103iesc \u0219i o folosesc \u00een folosul lor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0218tiu c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 se vorbe\u0219te despre cum educa\u021bia e degeaba \u0219i \u0219coala nu mi-a folosit la nimic c\u0103 ne umple de abstrac\u021biuni f\u0103r\u0103 sens, dar  e bine s\u0103 te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 capacitatea de abstrac\u021biune la nivelul \u0103la, copiii t\u0103i vor fi similari cu oamenii care se vait\u0103 c\u0103 nu \u00een\u021beleg matematic\u0103 \u0219i la ce le folose\u0219te matematica azi. C\u0103 ei nu folosesc integrale \u0219i pula mea. Problema fiind nu formulele matematice \u00een sine, ci c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea unor <strong>modele <\/strong> <strong>\u0219i sisteme <\/strong>de abstractizare e\u0219ti, vrei-nu-vrei, un individ inferior. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>Elementele de importan\u021b\u0103 central\u0103 \u00een evolu\u021bia \u00een\u021belegerii lumii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sunt spa\u021biul \u0219i timpul. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen fizica clasic\u0103, \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenainte ca Newton s\u0103 fi descoperit gravita\u021bia \u0219i s\u0103 inventeze calculul matematic  &#8211; o chestie aproape la fel de important\u0103 ca legile fizicii \u0219i gravita\u021bia, \u00een sensul c\u0103 ar fi fost improbabil s\u0103 po\u021bi defini legile mecanicii clasice f\u0103r\u0103 a avea cadrul de referin\u021b\u0103 matematic \u0219i metodele de calcul care s\u0103-\u021bi permit\u0103 dezvoltarea logicii dincolo de capacitatea de a descrie \u00een cuvinte, grafice, m\u0103sur\u0103ri \u0219i metode numerice bazate pe aritmetic\u0103 simpl\u0103, sau geometrie de p\u00e2na atunci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asta deoarece cunoa\u0219terea complet\u0103 a unui obiect necesit\u0103 informa\u021bii despre dou\u0103 m\u0103rimi derivate ( \u00een sensul derivatelor matematice), anume viteza \u0219i momentul.  Viteza se refer\u0103 la varia\u021bia pozi\u021biei, care e  m\u0103rime derivat\u0103 \u0219i nu e pur numeric\u0103 ( scalar\u0103, pentru c\u0103 pozi\u021bia \u00een spa\u021biul Newtonian e tridimensional\u0103, iar mi\u0219carea implic\u0103 direc\u021bie \u0219i viteza e ceea ce se nume\u0219te un vector, adic\u0103 o m\u0103rime caracterizat\u0103 de amplitudine \u0218I direc\u021bie. At\u00e2t amplitudinea c\u00e2t \u0219i direc\u021bia genereaz\u0103 efecte, mai ales prin varia\u021bia amplitudinii \u0219i a direc\u021biei ( accelera\u021bie \/ for\u021b\u0103). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Momentul introduce m\u0103rimea definit\u0103 ca <strong>mas\u0103 \u00een poz\u0103, iar masa are de aface cu gravita\u021bia. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nu vreau s\u0103 intru \u00een detalii plictisitoare, vreau doar s\u0103 spun c\u0103 \u00een mecanica clasic\u0103 <strong>SPA\u021aIUL este FUNDAMENTAL.  La fel \u0219i timpul . <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozi\u021bia  nu se poate m\u0103sura \u00een afara spa\u021biului,  iar m\u0103rimile derivate ( viteza \u0219i moment mecanic) depind de timp, faptul c\u0103 pozi\u021bia unui obiect e m\u0103surat\u0103 o dat\u0103 \u00eentr-un loc din spa\u021biu \u0219i alt\u0103 dat\u0103 \u00een alt loc nu ne poate spune nimic, dar nu \u0219tim rela\u021bia dintre secven\u021bele din timp \u00een care au loc m\u0103sur\u0103rile. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fizica nu exist\u0103 \u00een afara spa\u021biului \u0219i a timpului, iar spa\u021biul \u0219i timpul sunt  cadrul de referin\u021b\u0103 omogene \u0219i distribuite uniform \u00een tot universul.  Sunt a\u0219a cum le-ai \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat la matematic\u0103  din clasa a IV-a \u00een sus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ele sunt absolute \u0219i nu sunt \u00eenlocuibile deplasarea \u00een spa\u021biu e o func\u021bie de timp. Difer\u0103 doar func\u021biile \u0219i sunt incluse ni\u0219te limit\u0103ri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1161\" data-attachment-id=\"24378\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=24378#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1.png\" data-orig-size=\"1200,1161\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1-480x464.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1-480x464.png 480w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1-200x194.png 200w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1-768x743.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Partea complicat\u0103 pe care n-a \u00een\u021beles-o Newton \u0219i a declarat asta, a fost fix gravita\u021bia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A \u00een\u021beles CUM AC\u021aIONEAZ\u0102 GRAVITA\u021aIA ( re\u021bine\u021bi asta ) matematic, \u0219i cum influen\u021beaz\u0103 pozi\u021bia \u0219i mi\u0219carea obiectelor, dar nu a \u00een\u021beles fizic cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ea, cum pot dou\u0103 corpuri exercita ac\u021biune unul asupra altuia <strong>la distan\u021b\u0103<\/strong> f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 medieze ceva vizibil ac\u021biunea aia . A recunoscut asta, \u0219i a l\u0103sat publicul, aka pe al\u021bii mai de\u0219tep\u021bi ca el s\u0103 se preocupe de asta, el s-a preocupat de efecte. Cam a\u0219a func\u021bioneaz\u0103 descoperirile, e mai u\u0219or s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 un lucru dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi de ce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce a \u00een\u021beles el e c\u0103 corpurile interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bional cu raporturile de mas\u0103 \u0219i \u00ceNVERS propor\u021bional cu P\u0102TRATUL distan\u021bei dintre ele. Adic\u0103 dac\u0103 P\u0103m\u00e2ntul s-ar afla la dublul distan\u021bei fa\u021b\u0103 de Soare atrac\u021bia gravita\u021bional\u0103 ar sc\u0103dea de 4 ori.  De ce este rela\u021bia propor\u021bional\u0103 cu p\u0103tratul distan\u021bei l-a preocupat, dar nu a avut o idee cu privire la asta \u0219i nu intr\u0103m \u00een detalii, ne concentr\u0103m pe schimbarea de paradigm\u0103 . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schimbarea de paradigm\u0103, de\u0219i este creditat\u0103 lui Einstein, ca recunoa\u0219tere a meritelor lui pe bun\u0103 dreptate, nu s-a putut face f\u0103r\u0103 o schimbare de cadru de referin\u021b\u0103 matematic, care a fost dezvoltat de Laplace \u0219i  extins de Minkowsky.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dezvoltarea cadrului de referin\u021b\u0103 a dus la teoria mecanicii  ondulatorii &#8211; anume c\u0103 anumite obiecte din spa\u021biu au propriet\u0103\u021bi de und\u0103. Teoria, de\u0219i valoroas\u0103, \u0219i cu aplicabilitate \u00een domenii ale fizicii &#8211; electric\u0103, avea unele g\u0103uri pe care nu le putea \u00eenchide. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cens\u0103 a deschis drumul c\u0103tre schimbarea de paradigm\u0103 \u0219i evolu\u021bia de la mecanica clasic\u0103 la cea relativist\u0103 prin schimbarea cadrului de referin\u021b\u0103 dezvoltat \u00eentr-o geometrie Euclidian\u0103, cu repere fixe, la o geometrie cu coordonate <strong> relative. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen fizica relativist\u0103 spa\u021biul \u00een sine este fundamental, dar doar ca parte din spa\u021biu-timp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul euclidian  deplasarea se m\u0103soar\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bind spa\u021biul \u00een dimensiuni pe direc\u021bii perpendiculare \u0219i m\u0103sur\u00e2nd fiecare direc\u021bie dup\u0103 care re-compui matematic  vectorul de deplasare, iar timpul este mereu acela\u0219i pentru to\u021bi observatorii \u00een relativism cadrul de referin\u021b\u0103 are 4 dimensiuni, ambele propriet\u0103\u021bi fiind fundamentale, ele nu sunt influen\u021bate de ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u0219i nici nu se influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u00eentre ele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elementul nou care poate fi modelat \u00een noul sistem matematic este un mecanism de defini\u021bie al gravita\u021biei ca fiind o curbur\u0103 a spa\u021biului \u00een func\u021bie de masa obiectelor con\u021binute \u00een respectivul spa\u021biu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare spa\u021biu-timpul este ceva fundamental fizicii relativiste, dar propriet\u0103\u021bile nu sunt absolute, ele sunt emergente \u0219i dependete de mas\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nu o s\u0103 intru \u0219i mai mult \u00een detalii. O s\u0103 spun doar c\u0103 diferen\u021ba este  posibil\u0103 dac\u0103 renun\u021bi la geometria Euclidian\u0103, care ne \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 c\u0103 suma unghiurilor unui triunghi e 180 de grade si ca o linie dreapt\u0103 poate fi continuat\u0103 drept infinit, \u0219i folose\u0219ti alte geometrii po\u021bi modula conceptele enun\u021bate mai sus. <br \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"397\" data-attachment-id=\"24380\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=24380#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png\" data-orig-size=\"768,397\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-480x248.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png\" src=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png 768w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-480x248.png 480w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-200x103.png 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br \/>Teoria \u00eenc\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe descrierea obiectelor cu ajutorul pozi\u021biei \u0219i vitezei, se introduce \u00eens\u0103 un concept nou de energie \u0219i echivalen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre energie \u0219i mas\u0103 , dar m\u0103surare se face tot \u00een spa\u021biu \u0219i timp \u0219i  este nevoie doar de legi de modelare si parametri care s\u0103 ne ofere alt\u0103 metric\u0103 a spa\u021biu-timpului, anume \u201dconstanta universal\u0103\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Practic mare lucru nu se schimb\u0103, dar o abordare mai flexibila a f\u0103cut posibil\u0103 no\u021biunea de \u201dna\u0219tere a universului\u201d, origine a \u201dspa\u021biu-timpului\u201d, \u201dg\u0103uri negre\u201d \u0219i alte elemente mai comune \u0219i folosite de toat\u0103 lumea, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleaga ceva din ce folosesc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"974\" data-attachment-id=\"24381\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=24381#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4.png\" data-orig-size=\"1500,974\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4-480x312.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4.png\" src=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4.png 1500w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4-480x312.png 480w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4-200x130.png 200w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4-768x499.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Se m\u0103soar\u0103 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 particule \u0218I unde \u0219i se definesc for\u021bele ca fiind c\u00e2mpuri de for\u021b\u0103 ( fields) care sunt \u0219i ele modelate matematic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\"><strong>Spa\u021biul \u00een fizica cuantic\u0103 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"727\" data-attachment-id=\"24382\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=24382#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5.png\" data-orig-size=\"800,727\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5-480x436.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5.png\" src=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5.png 800w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5-480x436.png 480w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5-200x182.png 200w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5-768x698.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La apari\u021bia bazelor fizicii cuantice s-a plecat conservator, urm\u0103rind particule \u0219i c\u0103ut\u00e2nd rela\u021bii \u00eentre st\u0103rile lor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Problema pe care n-a reu\u0219it s-o \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 Einstein a fost  s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 o metric\u0103 continu\u0103 dup\u0103 care s\u0103 po\u021bi modela spa\u021biul ( dac\u0103 nu spa\u021biu-timpul) \u00een legile fizicii cuantice.  Ecua\u021bia lui Schrodinger nu ajut\u0103 prea mult \u00een sensul \u0103sta \u0219i po\u021bi, cel mult s\u0103 identifici anumite coordonate distincte unde ai putea, sau nu g\u0103si o particul\u0103 cu o anume probabilitate.  Matematica potrivit\u0103 explor\u0103rii fizicii cuantice a fost dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een 1929 de un nene ungur John von Neumann, folosing un spa\u021biu numeric de referint\u0103 al altui matematician german, \u0219i-i poart\u0103 numele, de spa\u021biu Hilbert. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Un spa\u021biu Hilbert e ca mul\u021bimea numerelor nu \u0219tiu care, s\u0103 le spunem reale, sau ira\u021bionale, cu ni\u0219te condi\u021bii mai ciufute.  Anume spa\u021biul este desigur o colec\u021bie infinit\u0103 de numere, cu proprietatea c\u0103 suma p\u0103tratelor tuturor numerelor ( de\u0219i num\u0103rul lor e infinit) este un num\u0103r finit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce c\u0103utau ei atunci era un spa\u021biu n-dimensional. Un spa\u021biu ( numeric, a nu se face confuzie cu spa\u021biul cosmic, sau spa\u021biu-timpul din fizica relativist\u0103)  care s\u0103 permit\u0103 un num\u0103r infinit de dimensiuni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Matematica asta nu prea avea sens \u00een momentul \u0103la, pentru relativi\u0219ti \u0219i cu at\u00e2t mai pu\u021bin sens pentru \u0103ia ancora\u021bi \u00een intui\u021bia clasic\u0103 ( era destul de greu de \u00eenchipuit un spa\u021biu relativist, acum nu mai e a\u0219a de greu). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Motivul era c\u0103 nu aveai o rela\u021bie m\u0103surabil\u0103 de coordonate \u00een spa\u021biu \u0219i un mod continuu de navigare \u0219i stabilire de vecin\u0103t\u0103\u021bi. \u00cen mintea noastr\u0103 lucrurile se a\u0219eaz\u0103 a\u0219a cum le vedem, a\u0219a cum le percepem \u0219i le model\u0103m noi. Nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 percep\u021bia noastr\u0103 e corect\u0103, nici c\u0103 e gre\u0219it\u0103. S-a dovedit c\u0103-i doar limitat\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poza de mai jos nu e cu titlu \u0219tiin\u021bific, nu v\u0103 bate\u021bi capul , e s\u0103 vi se deznoade un pic neuronii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"24384\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/?attachment_id=24384#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative.png\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"quantum-worlds-alternative\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative-480x480.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative.png\" src=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative.png 1024w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative-480x480.png 480w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/quantum-worlds-alternative-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen fizica cuantic\u0103 o particul\u0103, s\u0103-i spunem \u201delectron\u201d, este definit\u0103 ca c\u00e2mpul electronic  ( o func\u021bie de und\u0103 )s\u0103 fluctueze \u00een a\u0219a fel \u0219i \u00een rela\u021bie cu restul propriet\u0103\u021bilor ( fiecare proprietate poate fi modelat\u0103 ca un c\u00e2mp) , \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 putem defini o probabilitate ca ea s\u0103 existe.  Varia\u021bia c\u00e2mpului se transmite din aproape \u00een aproape, dar nu mai avem defini\u021bia aproapelui, c\u0103 nu mai avem metrica spa\u021biului. Ceea ce avem este grade de libertate, propriet\u0103\u021bi \u0219i interac\u021biunea dintre particule sau elemente de c\u00e2mp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apare un element nou &#8211; anume corela\u021bia ( entanglement) care este esen\u021bial \u00een fizica asta. Anume proprietatea ca propriet\u0103\u021bile  un element de c\u00e2mp s\u0103 fie influen\u021bate de elementele altuia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0218i spui c\u0103 dou\u0103 particule sunt apropiate \u00een func\u021bie de interac\u021biunea dintre ele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen programare modelul acesta se studia la teoria grafurilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen sistemul \u0103sta de referin\u021b\u0103 spa\u021biul nu este o proprietate fundamental\u0103 a universului. Se spune c\u0103 spa\u021biul este emergent, anume o manifestare. Spa\u021biul deriv\u0103 din propriet\u0103\u021bile de stare ale universului, care sunt modelate de c\u00e2mpuri cuantice ( quantum fields).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No\u021biunea de continuitate a spa\u021biului care se construie\u0219te \u00een percep\u021bia noastr\u0103 e una care nu este definit\u0103 \u00een vreun sistem de referin\u021b\u0103, ci pur \u0219i simplu este una aparent\u0103 pe baza interac\u021biunilor \u0219i coeren\u021bei ce se dezvolt\u0103 din alte constr\u00e2ngeri, la fel cum  faptul c\u0103 eu am un calculator \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 nu e o predic\u021bie sau o proprietate a fizicii newtoniene sau relativiste, ci e rezultatul unei interac\u021biuni \u00eentre materia din univers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nu are importan\u021b\u0103 dac\u0103 direc\u021bia \u00een care se duce acum fizica cuantic\u0103 descoper\u0103 gaura din covrig, dac\u0103 vom avea fiecare \u00een 30 de ani telefoane cu procesor cuantic \u0219i animoji cu pisica lui Schrodinger \u00een superpozi\u021bie, sau e o direc\u021bie care ne va ad\u00e2nci \/ \u00eencurca \u0219i mai mult. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce conteaz\u0103 e c\u0103 matematica din spatele funda\u021biei teoriei \u0103\u0219tia e superioar\u0103 &#8211; iar fizica cuantic\u0103 nu reprezint\u0103 Adev\u0103rul Suprem, sau Sf\u00e2ntul Grail, ci doar un mod mai complex, mai generic \u0219i mai elevat de a cuprinde lumea at\u00e2t c\u00e2t o percepem \u0219i c\u0103 are utilitate mare pentru c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 ea multe din lucrurile pe care le folosim nu puteau fi folosite, c\u0103 folosesc fenomene care nu se puteau explica astfel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen lumea tehnic\u0103 ( STEM ),  teoriile \u0103stea reprezint\u0103 idei de modelare, iar matematica din spatele lor un limbaj, profund mai evoluat dec\u00e2t ce pot transmite eu \u00een cuvinte \u0219i\/ sau poze &#8211; de fapt, recitind am comis o serie de inexactit\u0103\u021bi cr\u00e2ncene \u0219i nu \u0219tiu dac\u0103 o s\u0103 fiu capabil s\u0103 transmit mai bine \u00een cuvinte simple, c\u0103 unele modele \u0219i idei se translateaz\u0103 foarte inexact \u00een cuvinte f\u0103r\u0103 rela\u021biile matematice dintre ele. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce propun nu e s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi limbajul matematic din spate, nu e ca \u0219i c\u00e2nd eu l-a\u0219 vorbi fluent, mai mult m\u0103 chinui \u0219i m\u0103 zg\u00e2rii, dar ve\u021bi tr\u0103i \u00eentr-o lume care se va modela \u00eencet \u00eencet dup\u0103 cadrul \u0103sta de referin\u021b\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u021bia altuia mai cuprinz\u0103tor. Imagineaz\u0103-\u021bi o lume \u00een care zboar\u0103 idei pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 tine cu care lumea opereaz\u0103 \u0219i eventual face bani, iar tu te ui\u021bi cu bale curg\u00e2ndu-\u021bi din gur\u0103  \u0219i te po\u021bi g\u00e2ndi doar la pansamente muzicale cu manele \u0219i dansuri din buric expirate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"758\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O61eEJ0xCJ8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background\">Acesta nu reprezint\u0103 un curs de fizic\u0103 cuantic\u0103, nici m\u0103car \u00eenceputul , ci c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 preocupe, m\u0103car la nivel trivial. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuv\u00e2nt \u00eenainte Articolul \u0103sta e necesar pentru altul \u00een viitor. M\u0103 cac asupra mea de un an cu o carte ( despre aia \u00een articolul&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1207],"tags":[5298],"class_list":["post-24377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cucultura","tag-mecanica-cuantica-de-la-prosti-pentru-prosti"],"views":1273,"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Quantum-definitions.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4Eq23-6lb","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24385,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24377\/revisions\/24385"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalinx.ro\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}